Reverend Henry Ward Essay Example

Reverend Henry Ward Essay Rev Henry Ward served as a United Church Minister in Jamaica. Seeing the need for childcare for working mothers he established the first play center in 1938 that served children under six years old. Soon after he began a campaign to formalize education and play at these centers along with his colleagues. Surprisingly, he was met with resistance by parents who disliked the term play center. The term play center was changed to Basic School. Rev. Ward began the first Basic School in Jamaica during the 1940s. In addition to coining the term basic school, Rev Ward is also credited with establishing Meadowbrook High School in conjunction with the Rev Marjorie Saunders. Page 3 Biography Reverend Henry ward (1879-1981) Reverend Henry Ward was born in Golden Grove, St Ann. He received his early education at Clapham Elementary School, and then moved on to St. George`s Elementary in Guys Hill. There he passed the pupil teachers` examination with distinction and gained an exhibitioner`s scholarship to the Mico Teachers College. He distinguished himself at Micro, and his personal conduct was exemplary throughout his college career. In 1900, he graduated from Mico as an honour student. His community involvement began when he started to work as a pupil teacher at St. George`s Elementary. He organized youth movements and formed the league of honour for Social Purity among Young Men. This focused on their spiritual, social and moral upliftment. He first taught at Ebenezer School in Manchester. There he demanded and achieved excellence. Although intellectual stimulus was highlighted, the physical and social development of the children was not neglected. In 1910, at the age of 31, REV. We will write a custom essay sample on Reverend Henry Ward specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Reverend Henry Ward specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Reverend Henry Ward specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Ward was elected President of the Jamaica Union of Teachers. One year later, he answered the call Christian ministry and from 1911-1913 studied at the Woodlands Theological College in South Manchester, Jamaica. In 1916, as a minister of the Presbyterian Church, he accepted a job to teach at the Hope Waddel Institute, Calabar, and South Nigeria. Rev. Ward returned to Jamaica 1923 and took up the pastorate at Salem Presbyterian Church in Islinton, St Mary. He was totally involved in community work and was an influential preacher, speaker and teacher.

Management Is a Diverse Role, and Increasingly so in the 21st Century Essay Example

Management Is a Diverse Role, and Increasingly so in the 21st Century Essay Example Management Is a Diverse Role, and Increasingly so in the 21st Century Essay Management Is a Diverse Role, and Increasingly so in the 21st Century Essay Nowadays, the most important point of businesses process is how to make business successful with less loses and higher profit. The organization has to find and create the way to make company go forward with less of trouble and make balance between effectiveness and efficiency (Robbins Coulter 2007). Above all, important point of business process is the management, which is a human activity in an organization to accomplish the goals, and make a high performance and a high quality (Schermerhorn 2008). Therefore, the organization has to look for good managers in order to make company pass the big challenges. Organisation also uses management process and diverse roles to accomplish goals. For this reason, the best company to explain this entire role is Oporto. This essay will explain management is a diverse role, and increasingly so in the 21st century. According to the introduction, efficiency is how to accomplish the goals by using minimum resources and less waste as much as they can. On the other hand, effectiveness is same as efficiency but effectiveness just wants to get good results (Robbins Coulter 2007). The first step of management process is planning, which is plotting to complete the goals and begin of the strategy (Robbins Coulter 2007). For example, Oporto is the Australia fast food company. The campaign of the company is focusing on fresh grill chicken not frozen chicken. (Oporto 2010b). This step is using by top manager who is the owner of Oporto, Antonio Cerqueira and also owner of all franchisee. They are using Conceptual skills to make high quality to the company. They are using Human skills to learn ability of employees, and use some of Technical skills to make other level of managers to understand the concept. Therefore, planning of Oporto Company is how to increase customers and franchisee with best quality (Oporto 2010a). The second step is organizing. It is how to choose person, who can do these jobs, and make it done with less problems (Pettinger 2007). This step is using by middle manager that are supervisors. They are finding the tactic and using the concept from the top manager to improve the quality. The procedures of diverse roles is to use for identify conceptual of Katz theory. There are including selection people to work in the organisation. The organisation should focuses on the abilities of people that related with the job position (Robbins DeCenzo 2005). In this case, Oporto Company has concepts to increase customers and make best quality. This manager type seek employees, who clever on that station. In a conversation on 19 July 2010, Vin, Oporto’s manager has planned the daily shift plans, which tell what station that employees should stand. In the meantime, manager has to know about experiences of employees and also learn what they are suit to work in different station. Overton (2009) suggested this third step like conductor in an orchestra. In addition, conductor is a leader of the orchestra that it needs to control member in the band. From this reason, manager has to motivate employees, the employees, and make them active all the time. First-line manager is a kitchen coordinator that has to do these steps. They have good technical skills and human skills that mean they know how employees feel. They can do all stations. However, employers also use diverse roles from Mintzberg’s management roles. For instance, leaders are motivating, training, and recruiting employees which are the secondary from interpersonal roles (Robbins DeCenzo 2005). Here in, Oporto’s manager must show appreciation with employees after rush hours and also make employees feel please while they are working. Lastly, controlling is how to maintain quality that employees do (Rothbauer-Wanish 2009). Furthermore, this step has to monitor and compare activities that employees do. Also, make those works complete (Rothbauer-Wanish 2009). In this case, Oporto Company always sent the quality inspection. They call this team is a mystery shopper for check the quality of service and products such as properly uniform, following the safety procedures, and quality of services. (Oporto 2010a). There are many challenges that effects with other companies in the world. The first challenge is domestic competition. In this situation, Oporto Company does not have effects but Oporto franchisees are affected. In addition, some people buy franchisee from Oporto Company in Australia but they open store in other countries. For example, the first Oporto franchisee is going to open in United Kingdom. The competitor of Oporto in United Kingdom is Nando restaurant that they are selling chicken products (Nando 2010). The last challenge is unpredictable and rapid change in the environment (Overton 2009). This is a big challenge for Oporto Company. If suppliers have problem about chicken’s products such as chicken size is so small and diseased with chickens, they will have problems with franchisee. In conclusion, this four steps of the management process are created for develop the company to become high standard. All steps are related with each other from planning to organising, to leading, and finish by controlling (Overton 2009). The big challenges of Oporto company are only unpredictable and rapid change for the environment but second challenge is domestic competition has an indirect effect because they have more effect with franchisee in other countries than the head quarter and franchisee in Australia. Organizations have many diverse roles to use and it has to adapt by depend on type of companies. Meanwhile, good companies must have good plot of management process by good managers. They also make balance efficiency and effectiveness for increase performance of companies. Hence, challenges of companies shown ability of managers to plan management process without problem or trouble and increase the standard of companies to above best level, which means excellent with less resources.

Health Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Health Economics - Essay Example But the thing is quite different in healthcare sector of any economy. In healthcare sector, policymakers are quite reluctant to put a value on life due to a lot of ethical reasons. Until recently there has been huge disagreement on the method of measuring life. Over the years, researchers have tried to measure returns on different heath care interventions or programs using economic analysis framework. In last few decades several indicators have been developed for making economic evaluation of different healthcare interventions. Among those indicators, the two most important and widely used indicators are quality adjusted life years (QALY) and disability adjusted life years (DALY). These two composite indicators are being increasingly used by researchers and policymakers of health care sectors of most of the countries across the world. The paper makes an attempt to critically evaluate each of these composite indicators which are helping policymakers in the healthcare sector to decide which intervention should be made available to the patients. The paper will first discuss the definitions and underlying concepts of each of these two indicators along with their uses, then it will move on to discussing the method of calculation for each of them and examine advantages and disadvantages of them, and finally look into their applications. (Prasad et al. 2009; Morrow and Bryant, 1995; Harron, Burnside and Beauchamp, 1983) QALY – One of the most important composite indicators used for assessing the effectiveness of healthcare interventions QALY was devised during the period of 1980s (Hirskyi, 2007) by economists, healthcare researchers and psychologists for conducting cost effectiveness analysis. QALY offers the policymakers of the healthcare sector an economical framework through which they become able to make an efficient allocation of scare health care resources. The QALY is actually based

Application for Chartered Status in Energy (Professional Recognition) Essay

Application for Chartered Status in Energy (Professional Recognition) - Essay Example The last five years of my career have been particularly focused on energy analysis, and it is in gaining these competencies that I believe that I have become able to meet the criteria set by your institute. My central area of expertise is in renewable energy, and in this pursuit, I have become skilled in technical standards development, feasibility studies, energy efficiency and building design. Within the renewable energy framework, my focus has been on photovoltaic systems in the form of standalone generation solutions, which includes solar water heating appropriate to building requirements and to help achieve sustainability targets through the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally among the standalone systems I have experience of as a member of teams is in the evaluation of double-effect solar cooling systems. This experience was gained in the testing of the viability of using the sun’s heat to cool buildings in the Masdar City project, referred to in more det ail below. Furthermore, I have been involved in numerous feasibility studies to evaluate renewable energy efficiency options in the building services. Simultaneously, I have become experienced in the conceptualisation of delivery models; the establishment of management systems; engineering design; technical specification development; and the management of projects. Solid waste treatment has been part of my responsibility, as have types of tunnel ventilation. Currently my desire is to extend my career into a position with a growth-oriented organisation, where my technical and commercial, as well as my managerial capabilities can be exercised. I wish to secure an upper-level position, which will be able to provide challenges and rewards by offering a wide-ranging set of responsibilities, both in terms of engineering and leadership. While this may be possible outside of my particular specialities, fire fighting design and LPG design, it would also not be impossible for me to find new c hallenges and directions within this direction. Nonetheless, I would appreciate the recognition of what I have done already. Therefore, I respectfully wish to submit that my qualification levels, the variety of my experience, and my continuing contribution in the field enable me to apply for the abovementioned recognition through your organisation. PROFESSIONAL HISTORY Above and beyond my academic qualifications – my MSc Thesis was entitled â€Å"Fuel cells and Efficient Power Generation† – , my current experience and work history enable me with confidence to list a number of key competencies, and engineering related skills which I am able to deliver well. Additionally, specific aspects of my experience are highlighted, as they relate to this application. These are noted below, as a precursor to a more detailed description of a number of highlights in my career, relevant to this application. Current Competencies Summary An outline of my competencies related to m anagement, leadership and project management: Good communication skills in Serbian, English and Russian (at an intermediate level) Client liaison, project management briefing and presentation; and ongoing client support and maintenance of client relationships Independent organisational and managerial

Superstitions in India Essay Example for Free

Superstitions in India Essay Superstitions are based on ignorance and there is no place for superstitions but in the darkness. The best way to remove superstitions is to educate the people and given them light of reason. A true knowledge of Nature and God will take the place of blind beliefs and false traditions and this only can should the death-knell of superstitions. —Samuel Smiles. Superstitions are unreasoned and irrational beliefs of the people living in the past or in the present age. When certain happenings cannot be rationally explained, people assign mysterious and inexplicable reasons for their operation. This faith of the people in irrational things takes the form of superstitions. Superstitions are, therefore, unreasoned beliefs which have a chronic kind of intensity in their evil. In old primitive times, superstitions governed the majority of people. Those days were such that it favored the growth of superstitions. Superstitions enjoyed their hey-day of glory when the civilization and science had not lighted the darkness of the ignorance of the primitive people. Lack of scientific advancement is another cause of the growth of superstitions. They find a rich soil for germination at a time and in a country where science and philosophy have not had their hold on the masses. Unenlightened people always tend to be superstitions. Undue reverence for traditions and customs prevailing in a particular society also make people superstitions in their ideas. This belief in the sacredness of time and old traditions of ancestors, keep people in the pale of superstitious thought. The tricks of the priests also exercise their unhealthy effect and people with a religious orthodoxy are prove to fall an easy prey to these superstitious agencies. Superstitions have continued to exercise their sway on all classes of people all over the world. There are certain common superstitions which are shared by all the people in the world. Belief in spirits, ghosts, and witches is a common superstition among all the people of the world. Even today belief in witches is present in India, Scotland, England, France and many other countries. People, especially in India and other countries of the East, still believe in ghosts. The cries of certain birds like owl and ravenes and mewing of cats are regarded with superstitions all over the globe. There is a very common belief that when comets are seen, they portend the death of kings or great men. When beggars die there are no comets seen. The heavens themselves blaze forth the death of princes. In India, every activity of life is associated with some sort of superstition. It is supposed to be bad if somebody sneezes behind or calls back a man who is leaving his home for a journey. He must stop for a while to let the ill-luck pass. It is again ominous if he sees an empty vessel or a broom right in front of the house. The story of Ram Chandra, coming across a snake on the left hand side and a jackal on the right hand side while he was coming back to his hut in the jungle is widely known. He at once guessed that some misfortune had befallen Sita. The sight of a dead body or a cow feeding her calf or a full pitcher is considered as auspicious while one is on a journey. Stories of ghosts and evil spirits are very common in all the countries of the world and especially in India. After death, a person changes into a ghost. Sometimes, a ghost molests the other members of the family generally, a pipal tree is supposed to be the haunt of ghosts. The fear of ghosts is so great that some people worship them in their homes without giving them any shape and form. The ghosts are offered sweets, cakes, clothes and many such Other articles to please them and bribe them against doing any kind of harm to the people. Generally, the illiterate and ignorant people believe in superstitions. In villages, the people believe that small-pox, cholera and some fevers all are caused by the displeasure of he-ghosts and she-ghosts. The small pox, whenever it spreads in the form of epidemic, is supposed to be the result of the wrath of the Goddess Shitaladevi. Numerous beliefs of this type are prevalent in villages. Sometimes, such miracles take place in the cure of such diseases that one is surprised at and compelled to believe in these superstitions. Indians have a blind belief in, Sadhus though the cases of cheating by the Sadhus are generally heard. The ashes given by the Sadhus to their devotees are considered as something extraordinarily holy. The tradition of observing Terahvi in Indian families is another superstition. Hindus believe that souls of the dead persons exist in some form or the other for about eleven days in the family. The family becomes free form the impurity of death on the twelfth day. On this day Brahmins are fed and given charities to give peace to departed soul. These acts of giving charities to the Brahmins and feeding them or repeated every year in the month of Kwar. This observance is called Shradha. People have a great faith in palmistry, astrology and horoscope. There may be some experts in them here and there but generally, we come across, cheats, who exploit innocent persons and befool them. Superstitions differ from place to place and caste to caste. In South India, the sight of a black cat, crossing the way in front of one is considered to be very inauspicious. In Punjab, the sight of a Brahmin right in the morning is supposed to bring one misfortune for the whole day. But a Brahmin is not looked upon as inauspicious elsewhere. The sight of a cobbler, oilmen or washer man bring ill-lack to one in U. P. ut not in Punjab, It should not be surprising that some of English superstitions are very similar to certain superstitions prevalent in India. But in England and India the following of a dog at night without any apparent cause is supposed to indicate the presence of a spirit nearby. As in Indian villages, people believe in witches, so do the people of England and Wales who live in remote villages. The only panacea for all the social evils like superstitions is education. To make the backward and superstition minded Indians enlightened, education should be spread widely. Education cultivates reasoning and thinking in a human being and as soon as a person comes under the shelter of reason and scientific outlook, he or she, becomes free from blind beliefs. Indians by nature are fatalists and they do not apply their energy to work for the betterment of their lot. This is the greatest superstition which has undermined and is still undermining the real prosperity of India. People should be properly educated and should be inspired to be hard working and honest. Then, we should judge everything by the strong light of reason, having firm faith in God.

Analysis Of 1984 :: essays research papers

Analysis of 1984 In 1949, an Englishman named Eric Blair published the novel 1984. Under the pseudonym, George Orwell, this author became one of the most respected and notable political writers for his time. 1984 was Orwell’s prophetic vision of the world to come. This creation of â€Å"Negative Utopia† was thoroughly convincing through Orwell’s use of setting and characterization. The theme conveyed by Orwell is that no matter how strong an individual a communist society would destroy any hope that that soul had of surviving, and that no matter the reasons told to the society, that power that the Party seeks is for no gain except for power. The story begins in April of 1984, in a grim, industrialized city called London. London was â€Å"chief city of Airstrip One, itself the third most populous of the provinces of Oceania." The dwellings that the people live in, called Victory Mansions, are depicted as â€Å"†¦rotting nineteenth-century houses, their sides shored up with balks of timber, their windows patched with cardboard and their roofs with corrugated iron†¦.† The setting creates a mood of devastation and hopelessness, fabricated by the Inner Party to suppress its followers. These people live in a society that is ruled by totalitarianism, and the aim is to give the greatest good to the smaller number. As indicated by â€Å"Cliffs Notes,† on pages 34 and 35, the main character, â€Å"Winston, like others, is expected to do his job efficiently and receive no reward but the opportunity to live austerely for the greater good and self-perpetuation of the Inner Party.† Told in third person limited, the reader is only allowed in-depth knowledge of the protagonist, Winston. Winston Smith, a thirty-nine year old man with a varicose ulcer, is a member of the Outer Party. He has â€Å"a smallish, frail figure, the meagerness of his body merely emphasized by the blue overalls which were the uniform of the Party. His hair was very fair, his face naturally sanguine, his skin roughened by course soap and blunt razor blades and the cold of the winter that had just ended.† Winston works in the Ministry of Truth, which is concerned with news, entertainment, education, and the fine arts. He is employed in the Records Department, where his tasks consist of writing and rewriting scripts to fit the present and past which unceasingly fluctuate and add to the dominion the Party had over its members, and the history they believe in.

Article Review Essay

Conducting their study as the transitional funding attached to the peace process in Northern Ireland is reaching its end, the authors examine the role of aid in conflict resolution particularly with regards to intangible outcomes such as identity formation. The idea behind this funding is that it reduces economic disparities between the conflicting groups and that the economic growth started by this funding will continue into the future. These funds come from the International Fund for Ireland (IFI), which addressed unemployment and poverty in Republican / Loyalist communities; the Peace I funds, which promoted social inclusion, cross-community contact, and economic development; and the Peace II funds (ended in 2006), which had similar goals to Peace I but targeted local, grassroots (nongovernmental) organizations. The authors also consider the role of external agencies as they intervene in ethnopolitical conflict and the importance of community development in the peace process. The authors are careful to note that economic aid is not a magic cure for conflict as this aid, if improperly administered, can at times heighten underlying conflicts. Indeed, in Northern Ireland, the approach has had mixed results. In designing their study, the authors took both a qualitative and quantitative approach. For the qualitative portion, the authors interviewed 98 community leaders, civil servants, and development officers from Belfast, Londonderry/Derry, and the Border region (Northern Ireland). These interviews consisted of semi-structured questions, including those attached to the Cantril Self-Anchoring Striving Scale: â€Å"What are your best wishes and hopes for your personal future? What are your worst fears and worries about your personal future? What are your best wishes and hopes for the future of your country? What are your worst fears and worries about the future of your country? † (page 166). The quantitative data was drawn from the summer 2006 Northern Ireland Public Opining Survey. The sample consisted of 1,023 adults representative of Northern Ireland’s adult population. The study as a whole was designed to look at the respondents hopes and fears about Northern Ireland’s future. Through the inclusion of qualitative data, the authors hoped to demarginalize voices that are often not heard in the official discourses of the peace process. This study yielded numerous tantalizing findings. First, the authors found that more Nationalists than Unionists imagine a future where conflicting groups are able to perceive a sense of shared community. Second, the authors found differences based on gender: more females than males saw the opportunity for building new relationships amongst communities in the future. Third, the authors found two common fears / concerns that extend across religions, genders, and ages: the fear that violence in changing the social fabric of Northern Ireland and the belief that politicians are disingenuous and not interested in serving the needs of their constituency. Fourth, the authors found that more Nationalists than Unionists saw the modernization of the economy and the political structure as means by which to support the peace process. Finally, the authors found that younger adults were more concerned about the potential failure of the peace process and the economy than older adults The authors consider numerous theories about identity formation. In designing their study, they took into consideration geographic differences in identity formation: i. e. Londonderry/Derry vs. Belfast and urban vs. rural locations. They also consider how the Irish view immigration and the infiltration of outside values. In general, this article is not convincing. Its primary strength is the detailed background to the conflicts in Northern Ireland, with a focus on the economic causes and effects of this conflict. This strength does not mitigate the effects of the article’s numerous weaknesses. First, the authors do not explicitly state their hypothesis. While exploratory studies such as this one can potentially reveal valuable information, the authors nowhere state the reasons behind the study. When questions such as identity formation are being explored, the readers need to know the authors’ relationship to the issue. For example, are the authors somehow involved in this ethnopolitical conflict? Or, are they looking at it from the perspective of an outsider? If they are outsiders, does their perspective have a bearing on how the respondents answer their questions? Second, the authors explicitly state that they wish to demarginalize those voices that are not typically heard in the official peace process discourse. However, in selecting the respondents for the qualitative portion of the study, the authors chose community leaders, civil servants, and development officers. It would seem that these are precisely the voices that are heard in the official discourse. Readers are left to wonder why the authors did not include a more representative sample of the population of Northern Ireland for this portion of the study. Third, this does not seem to be a study that was designed specifically to answer certain questions. As noted, the authors nowhere state a hypothesis. For the reader, it appears that the quantitative and qualitative data seems to have been mixed together ad hoc. In other words, the study does not seem to be designed to fit a specific question. Rather, the authors appear to have attempted to answer questions based on the information they had at hand. Fourth, as the basis for this study was largely to examine economic role of the peace process, it seems like a gross oversight that the authors did not provide data on their respondents’ demographics. In the discussion section, the authors indicate that they collected background demographic information (political party, religious views, age, gender, socioeconomic status) on the respondents, but this information was not included in the results section and does not appear to have been considered in any significant way. Finally, the analysis of the qualitative data seems a bit lacking. It would perhaps have been stronger to indentify the common themes and subthemes of the responses, rather than using the responses as illustrative examples. Because of these specific weakness as well as the authors’ failure to mention the limitations of their study and to provide specific recommendations for how their results can be used to generate future studies and/or to impact the peace process, this article is not convincing.